In this article, Pierre-Jean Luizard explores Iraq-EU relations from 2003 to 2025, highlighting the EU’s uneven stance towards Iraq. He discusses the Western powers’ initial support of Saddam Hussein to counter Iran’s influence as well as the US-EU schism in regard to the 2003 U.S.-led invasion. He argues that the rise of Daesh in 2014 revived European interests and humanitarian efforts, but that the EU still struggles to assert a unified foreign policy. Lastly, he explains that as the U.S. withdraws, the EU now faces an opportunity to support Iraq’s development, though its influence remains constrained.